Sports Science Archives - Page 2 of 2

Small and Smaller – Untethered and Unfettered

Advancements in the engineering of data acquisition components have closely paralleled the microchip revolution. Ever-smaller form factors available in wireless transmission formats have resulted in a boon for researchers wishing to collect high-quality physiological data from participants in unfettered environments undreamed of a few years ago.

One of the linchpins of these cutting-edge systems is BIOPAC’s BioNomadix Series of wireless life science transmitters and receivers. BioNomadix modular receiver/amplifiers connect to the mother ship of the acclaimed MP160 System while the bite-sized matched transmitters attach to the participant, or comfortably nestle in a garment such as the BioNomadix BIOSHIRT. Unobtrusive specially designed leads connect to skin electrodes affixed to the participant, and BioNomadix units relying on transducers (such as respiration and skin temperature) offer equal convenience.

An even more streamlined system, the BioNomadix Smart Center, is also available. This system combines BioNomadix transmitters with the Smart Center all-in-one receiver and data acquisition unit. The soap bar-sized Smart Center connects to a computer USB port and supports up to 9 channels of physiological data from up to three wireless BioNomadix transmitters. (All BioNomadix transmitters are supported but connection is limited to three at a time.)

BioNomadix transmitters are dual-channel or dual-signal, with the exception of the Accelerometer, which supports three channels (X, Y, and Z axes).

Acquired signals are of extremely high quality and clarity and are rendered in AcqKnowledge Research Software. BioNomadix systems are available for fourteen body signal types, including ECG, RSP, PPG, EDA, EOG, EEG, EMG, EGG, ACCL, SKT, Goniometer, Dynamometer with EMG, Cardiac Output, and Heel-Toe Strike.

What does all of this mean to the researcher? Nearly unlimited freedom of movement at distances up to 10 meters from the receiver units—opening up new avenues of research and even new vistas in artistic expression.

A stunning and eclectic example of the latter can be taken from this brief performance by Compagnie Linga, a contemporary dance company based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Dancers wore BioNomadix accelerometers to record transmit their movements in real time, which were then digitally rendered in sound. The result is a tableau of dance and self-generated musical accompaniment, an artscape created from the firings of human physiology.

For more information about BioNomadix, please see:

BioNomadix Wireless Amplifiers

BioNomadix Wireless EMG for Neuro-Controlled Prosthetic

Free On-Demand Webinar – Recording Great Data from Exercising and Mobile Subjects

BIOPAC offers a wide array of wired and wireless equipment that can be used in your research. To find more information on solutions for recording and analyzing signals such as ECG, heart rate, respiration and more using any platforms mentioned in this blog post, you can visit the individual application pages on the BIOPAC website.

The Trouble with Fatigue

Fatigue is a troublemaker–it can have serious impacts on data quality, even when using gold standards of measurement.

Fatigue is a known troublemaker in athletics, but can also have negative effects in physiology research. Fatigue can become a confounding variable, giving researchers data that may be less accurate or reliable.

Men and women may respond to fatigue differently, which can make obtaining good data especially difficult. In one study on fatigue by Stern et al. (2012), the researchers attempted to monitor fatigue and show different effects between men and women. This study attempted to follow a central nervous system component, as well as the peripheral nervous system. Using the BIOPAC MP160 system with AcqKnowledge software to record and analyze EMG, researchers were able to continually monitor muscle and neuron activation during the exercise tests.

The results of the study found that females had a higher rate of reduced central neural drive of the quadriceps, coupled with knee extension torque preservation. These factors, when paired together, can create a higher percentage for the possibility of knee injury for women.

With coffee being such a staple in the home (and in the lab!), researchers Smirmaul et, al (2017) wanted to see if coffee had any effect on fatigue, duration of exercise, and the perception of effort. This study used seven adult male cyclists in moderate hypoxic states to obtain their results. The experiment used a double-blind procedure, with some participants receiving no coffee. The researchers wanted to see if the coffee participant group took a longer time to reach fatigue. EMG was obtained by using BIOPAC MP160 with EMG amplifiers. The results showed that coffee has no effect on fatigue, but coffee did improve the time it took until the athletes reached exhaustion in high endurance tasks. The researchers believe that coffee lowers the perceived effort of the athlete, leading them to think they can go further.

Fatigue can also have impacts on data, even when using gold standards of measurement. A separate study done on fatigue by Neyroud et al. (2016), attempted to show that muscle fatigue has an effect on the validity of the ITT (Interpolated Twitch Technique). The ITT is used to evaluate the capacity of the central nervous system in activating skeletal muscles. This study used BIOPAC’z MP research system with EMG amplifiers to monitor muscle and neuron activation. Electrical stimulus was given to both samples to create fatigue, and a separate stimulus was given to mimic the ITT. This study found that peripheral fatigue factors do have an effect on the outcome of the ITT.

BIOPAC offers a variety of equipment that can be used in studies similar to the ones presented. To find more information on solutions for recording and analyzing signals such as EEG, EMG, respiration, skin conductance using the MP160/MP150, MP36, and other platforms, you can visit the individual application pages on the BIOPAC website. If you are interested in reading other related studies, visit the publications page on the BIOPAC website.